Compensation Philosophy of Google

Google’s achievements as a technology company over the last decade are remarkable. The company started as a college project and is now a leading global player in the IT sector. The company acquired a solid reputation as an innovative player early in its life. While the main product offered by Google is its internet search service, the company is behind very innovative practices in other business areas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation Philosophy of Google – Structure Benefits Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company attributes its success in business to its ability to attract and retain top talent. This paper examines the compensation plan of the company. The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of Google’s compensation plan to its efforts to motivate and retain talented employees. The paper evaluates several facets of Google’s HR practices as the basis for discussing the contribution of its compensation plan to its talent retention strategy. In this regard, this paper evaluates the HR practices at Google and the compensation philosophy that guides remuneration and benefits. Thereafter, the paper evaluates Google’s compensation system. The paper then looks at how the compensation system contributes to employee motivation and employee retention in the company. A brief conclusion examines the criticisms against Google’s compensation system. HR Practices at Google The three main HR practices at Google that influences its talent management practices are reliance on data, the use of analytical tools, and reliance on internal referrals. These practices attract both the support and criticism of HR professionals in equal measure. Most activities at Google are data driven. This is not surprising considering that the company’s core business is organizing data. Google decided to use its ability to analyse data to d evelop data-driven services within the company. The company insists on using hard data to support all its important decisions. In this sense, it is accurate to say that reliance on hard data is part of the company’s corporate culture. Critics of Google’s reliance on data feel that the company lacks a human touch. The critics say that in the place of feelings, Google has algorithms (Manjoo). Proponents of this approach argue that the use of hard data to make business decisions is laudable. Google’s HR department, known as People Operations, relies on hard data to make HR decisions. Reliance on hard data is part of Google’s DNA. The company uses its massive data processing capabilities to handle its HR functions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second element of Google’s HR practices is the use of â€Å"people analytics† (Carroll). Google’s HR department uses this term to describe the use of algorithms to make HR decisions. The company has good reasons for using data processing methods to handle hiring. Every year, the company receives more than one million job applications (Manjoo). The process of sifting through all these applications requires advanced data management techniques. The company must use advanced data processing methods to find the talent it needs from the overwhelming number of applications. In addition to using data processing techniques to handle recruitment, the HR department also relies on data to track the performance of each employee. In this regard, performance evaluation at Google does not rely on subjective scores, but on hard data. Another interesting application of data processing techniques is the development of algorithms that can identify high flight risk employees. Google values its talent pool. The ability to identify, motivate, and retain such employees is crucial for t he success of the company. The third HR practice at Google is the use of internal referrals to find suitable talent. Google recognises that talented employees have equally talented associates. The company therefore uses its employees to identify potential recruits. When an employee refers someone to the HR department, the HR department uses the established procedures to check whether the person can fit in the company. This saves time and increases the odds that a new employee will fit into the company’s culture. It is worth noting that Google has very many data analysts and software engineers in its ranks. This gives the company’s HR department an advantage over its competitors in the application of data management techniques. The main risk associated with the reliance on data to recruit and assess employees is the loss of the human touch in employee relations (Manjoo). Behavioural psychologists know that the performance of an employee can wane because of personal issu es. High potential is not always an indicator of good performance. At the same time, the systems can fail to identify talented employees who do not fit in the conventional profiles of top talent. Google’s Compensation Philosophy Google’s compensation philosophy is not radical in comparison to those of its competitors. The advantage Google has over its competitors is that it has the financial muscle and the boldness to implement innovative compensation approaches. The five main aspects that define Google’s compensation philosophy are as follows.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation Philosophy of Google – Structure Benefits Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, Google bases its compensation plan on hard data and research. The decisions the company makes arise from conclusions derived from research. The company believes in finding out which aspects of its compensation pl an produce the best results. It achieves this by conducting surveys and talking to its employees. This approach gives the company confidence that the changes it makes to its compensation plan lead to greater employee motivation. Secondly, Google has a commitment to pay its employees as competitively as possible. The company regularly conducts assessments to find out how its competitors pay their employees. In the past, Google set the salaries of its employees at the ninetieth percentile. It ensured that it was always among the top ten best paying companies in any job group. The company recently made a decision to become the best paying company among its peers. Therefore, it implemented a ten percent salary increase for all its employees. This notwithstanding, Google understands that money is not sufficient to motivate high performing employees. However, it also believes that uncompetitive pay is a loophole that its competitors can use to poach its talented employees. Thirdly, Google believes that is must reward top talent. This is not only fair, but is also necessary for retaining the best employees. Google competes for talented people with other players such as Apple, and Microsoft (Manjoo). In addition, many start-ups with funds from venture capitalists also compete for top talent. The financing gives them an advantage over established firms. Talented people tend to be risk takers and a start up that recognises and rewards their talent can be a more appealing destination compared to an established firm like Google. In this regard, Google knows it must maintain its reputation as a company that recognises and rewards top talent. The fourth aspect of Google’s compensation philosophy is giving employees a satisfying work environment. The company tracks the happiness levels of its employees and tries to make them happier. This aspect explains the unconventional office practices at Google. The company recognises that if its employees are satisfied with thei r working environment, they are likely to remain there. The importance of this aspect in Google’s compensation philosophy is that the employees feel rewarded simply for being employees. This works by giving them ongoing satisfaction as Google employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Google’s Compensation System The main elements of Google’s compensation system are similar to those found in other companies. The compensation system includes salaries and bonuses, good working conditions, stocks, and various benefits. The genius in Google’s compensation system is its ability to harness ordinary compensation elements and to optimise them to achieve organizational goals. The company uses its data processing capabilities to ensure that the benefits achieve maximum effect. The first element of any compensation system is a salary. As discussed in the section above, the company is currently implementing salary hikes that will make it the best paying company among its competitors. The salaries given by the company have always been high as compared to industry standards. The company now wants to be a market leader when it comes to salaries. The ten percent salary increase for all its employees is the first step in this direction. The second element in Google’s compensation system is workplace perks. Google believes that it needs to reward its employees on an ongoing basis to ensure that they fully focus on working for the company. Google believes that if it makes working conditions for its employees as conducive as possible, then they will focus on their work. Google therefore goes out of its way to offer employees various incentives to ensure that their working environment is conducive. Google gives its employees free lunch. The company also ensures that snacks are available only a short distance from each employee. In addition, Google gives the employees free transport as well as access to laundry services. The company also operates a concierge service for employees who need to run errands. One method that many organizations use to motivate their employees is to give them annual bonuses. Companies base their bonuses on the performance of the company in a given year. Many companies give bonuses when the profit margins imp rove. The idea is that bonuses promote teamwork. For many years, Google gave bonuses to employees in proportion to the growth in its profit margins. In the recent years, the company has started to look for other ways of giving bonuses to its employees. As discussed earlier, this method is not unique to Google. What is unique is Google’s way of issuing bonuses. The company conducted research among its employees to find out whether they prefer salary raises or bonuses. The research also sought to find out the level at which bonuses became attractive. The company found that on average, a Google employee prefers a 0.9-dollar salary raise to a 1-dollar bonus (Carroll). The reasoning is that a raise is permanent, but a bonus is dependent on the performance of the company every year, making it unpredictable. Early on, Google used stock options to retain its employees. This strategy is very common with start-ups that are seeking to retain top talent. Such companies give their employe es the opportunity to become shareholders. The companies usually restrict how soon the employees can sell the stocks. It is common to give employees a five-year hiatus barring the transfer of stocks. In many cases, the employees do not benefit from the stocks if they leave earlier. Google was no different in the early years. It recently reduced the time it takes before employees can trade in their stocks. The company knows that it has the capacity to retain its top talent regardless of what the employees do with their stocks. The opportunity to own part of the company is very attractive to many employees. It is also a very effective way of creating a sense of ownership in the company because the employees know that their stocks will appreciate if the company performs well. Another strategy used by Google to retain top talent is giving a generous maternity and paternity leave for new parents. When the company started its operations, it realised that the attrition rate of its female e mployees was very high. Research showed that the company lost its women employees at twice the average rate after childbirth. The length of the maternity leave at the time was twelve weeks, which was consistent with industry standards. The company then sought ways of retaining women employees. Part of the current strategy is to give new mothers a paid maternity leave of five months. New fathers now get a seven-week paternity leave. In addition, the company gives a bonus to any employee who gets a new child. The bonus caters for the costs associated with getting a new child such as diapers, clothes, baby cots, among others. This strategy reduced the attrition rate of women employees to normal levels. Google’s Compensation System in Employee Motivation and Retention The compensation system used in Google is a key part of its employee motivation and retention strategy. Employee motivation encapsulates the activities, programs, and conditions created by an organization to induce high performance. Retention in the other hand refers is the ability to stem high staff attrition rates. It is important to note that it is impossible to avoid employee attrition completely. In fact, a certain amount of attrition is necessary to ensure a company has an inflow of new ideas and energy. However, very high attrition rates can affect the performance of an organization. The high tech industry is notorious for very high attrition rates. Google’s compensation system has several elements that support employee motivation and retention. First, Google implements measures that give employees certainty about their benefits and rewards. The reliance on data and analytical methods makes it possible for Google employees to predict what will lead to better rewards. In this regard, the Google compensation system has ensured that all employees know what to do and what to expect. This seems simplistic because of the obviousness of the need for predictability when it comes to compe nsation and benefits. However, many companies lack clear policies on how to compute bonuses, and how to reward top performers. In such companies, the employees do not know what to do to earn higher rewards. The second element of Google’s compensation plan is that it ties rewards to performance. Again, since the company keeps elaborate employee performance records it is easy to know which ones deserve rewards. One example of a reward that followed performance is the Orkut platform. Orkut was one of the attempts Google made to take advantage of the social web. The platform got its name from the employee who developed it. His name was Orkut. When Google named the application after its employee, it demonstrated that it rewards high performers. The fourth way in which Google motivates its employees is by the design of its workplace. The company offers a range of services geared towards making the lives of its employees as stress-free as possible. Google believes that personal resp onsibilities away from work can lead to loss of productivity. In this regard, Google offers free transport to ensure that its employees do not worry about commuting. Secondly, Google provides laundry facilities for its employees. The company also has day care centres to cater for mothers with young children. Apart from these, the company offers free lunch, and all employees have easy access to snacks near their workstations. In total, these measures take care of some of the most pressing concerns of its employees. This frees the employees to concentrate on their work. Google has a unique death benefits program for its employees. If an employee dies, the family receives fifty percent of the employee’s salary for a period of ten years. Employees with young families are likely to stay with Google for a long time as insurance that their family will not suffer in case they die. Google is implementing a policy that will see it become the best paying company among its competitors. O ver the years, Google has been ensuring that the remuneration of its employees falls in the ninetieth percentile. Recently, the company instituted a ten percent pay increase across the board to ensure that its employees become the best-paid ones among its competitors. Google fully understands that money is not sufficient to motivate staff. However, it is also committed to removing any reasons employees might have to leave Google. Becoming the best paying company in every job group will ensure that no Google employee will leave the company because of money. Google’s reliance on hard data is making its compensation plan one of the most optimised plans in industry. This means that its employees cannot find any other job that has comparable compensation plans. Google works hard to ensure that the measures it employs for employee motivation and retention create the most happiness for its employees (Manjoo). Google also uses an algorithm that detects how easy it is to retain a part icular employee. The algorithm analyses various factors in the profiles of Google’s employees and applicants, and then it flags those with high flight risk. The use of such algorithms attracts admiration and condemnation in equal measure. Opponents feel that it is impossible to predict human behaviour using computer programs, while proponents feel that it is a reliable way of evaluating potential employees. The algorithm compares traits found in employees who have left the company with the traits of those who have lasted long in the company. The results indicate the degree of flight risk an employee or applicant presents to the company. Google conducted research into how it’s the employees wanted to manage their stock options. The company found that the employees wanted more flexibility in regards to how they dealt with their stocks. Google therefore decided to give them more sway in the decisions regarding when and how to dispose their stocks. This decision illustrate s Google’s commitment to the welfare of its employees. Within reason, giving employees the power to decide what happens to their stocks makes the company more favourable to work with compared to competitors who limit stock movements. Finally, Google gives its employees the freedom to use part of their time to do personal projects of interest, which they believe will be beneficial to their company. Most employees can use twenty percent of their time to carry out any projects that they feel will benefit the company. This is one of the sources of Google’s innovative culture because the company allows employees to pursue their passions. Orkut was one such project that later became a major product offered by the company. Weakness of Google’s Compensation System Google has many admirers and critics based on its reliance on analytical tools for its HR activities. The arguments against Google’s HR activities range from the fact that computer models cannot accurat ely determine the choices made by an individual. In addition, too much reliance on hard data can lead to the loss of the human touch in HR issues. In conclusion, it is fitting to examine some of the weaknesses of its compensation system briefly. First, some analysts believe that the company’s compensation system is not sustainable. Google is a very young company in a very volatile industry. Therefore, its current success in HR and talent retention is not a good predictor of its future success. Its compensation system is possible to sustain because of the abnormally high returns it is achieving at this time. The returns will flatten out as the IT industry matures and maintaining the benefits it currently offers to its employees will become impossible. The second weakness of Google’s compensation system is that its reliance on data may edge out human insight from its HR practices. For a long time, HR has been an art. In recent years, the use of computer models to analyse data is making it easier for HR to use scientific methods to make decisions. However, total reliance on computers can lead to the loss of insights into human behaviour. In addition analytics cannot predict how people will change based on the conditions of a new working environment. The third aspect of Google’s compensation system is that it relies on financial incentives at various levels. The main argument in this regard is that the power of money to motivate declines beyond a certain point. Being the best paying company is not enough to retain top talent if employees want to take personal risks or to become entrepreneurs. In addition, the use of financial incentives depends on the availability of funds. The fourth criticism against Google’s compensation plan is that it can destabilise the business environment. For instance, the recent announcement by Google that it will increase the salary of all its employees by ten percent can lead to similar actions by other play ers. Such a move can trigger a flurry of salary raises in the industry that can affect the availability of talent. Eventually, it can negatively affect the overall financial performance of these companies. Works Cited Carroll, Stacey. Google’s HR Practices Explained. 2011. 15 November 2013 https://www.payscale.com/compensation-today/2011/06/google. Manjoo, Farhad. The Hapiness Machine: How Google Became such a Great Place to Work. 2013. 15 November 2013 https://slate.com/technology/2013/01/google-people-operations-the-secrets-of-the-worlds-most-scientific-human-resources-department.html. This essay on Compensation Philosophy of Google was written and submitted by user Helen Rios to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Explore some of the ways in which Hornby show a sense of belonging in Fever Pitch Essays

Explore some of the ways in which Hornby show a sense of belonging in Fever Pitch Essays Explore some of the ways in which Hornby show a sense of belonging in Fever Pitch Essay Explore some of the ways in which Hornby show a sense of belonging in Fever Pitch Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Fight Club Novel The Joy Luck Club The Long Valley Nick Hornby, born in 1957, is now a recognised novelist. His career began after studying English at Cambridge University, after which he taught there. Following this he worked for the major electronics company Samsung and then went on to freelance journalism before becoming a novelist. His career took off with the success of Fever Pitch and he is still recognised as his most recent novel How To Be Good made the 2001 Booker Prize list. His work as a whole can be put into three with separate themes: Relationships and their trickiness, London life and obsessions. Hornby is noted by critics for his high sense of humour and the earthiness in his writing. Most people consider Hornbys writing as middle-brow and perhaps laddish books. His talent is the way in which he makes the experiences of his characters become gripping and easy to recognise or identify with. Often this is on account of how ordinary they are. Chirazi calls Fever Pitch A loving account of the way his home team, Arsenal, has been symbolically linked to every significant event in his life. Even though Chirazi supports Tottenham, so he is reticent. Nick Hornby was in a variety of careers before he was a novelist. When he went back to writing he decided that he would write about the one thing he knew best football. Hornby being a mad Arsenal fan, writes down his reminisces and thoughts about his passion, which is at times illogical. Fever Pitch along with High Fidelity (about obsessions with music, exploring the weird adolescent hangover that seems to strike men in their 30s, mediation on lost loves, friendships and music) and About a Boy (about the struggle to grow up, responsibility and fatherhood) have been made into successful films starring such actors as John Cusack, Hugh Grant and Colin Firth. On asking if Hornby likes watching his work being reinterpreted on the screen Hornby replied Once I get the money thats that! Critics have said that the book is more about obsession and football; they praised it for its wry humour and the shrewd insight to human behaviour. I believe that Hornby is successful because of the way he can relate to other peoples emotions. He, like so many other men are dedicated to football, not as much as a hobby more of a religion. We have all felt that familiar feeling, a last-minute chance to score a winner only to have the shot stopped by what you believe is the goalkeepers luckiest stop of the day or the late tackle from your captain results in you going down to ten men and asking why they did it in the first place. The presentation of this behaviour, or dare I say simply human behaviour makes the book that so much more enjoyable. This book is more autobiographical than anything else and thus the events are placed chronologically. From the start we hear of the broken family in which he has been brought up. In 1968 his father met someone else and moved out, Hornby lived with his mother and sister in a small detached house in the Home Counties. I fell in love with football as I was later to fall in love with women: the opening words of the first chapter show how strong his obsession is with football. Even though football is inanimate so it cannot love him back. No thought to the pain or disruption it would bring this is almost a future reference to the disruption that football will bring to his life. The Highbury atmosphere gets him so enchanted; his obsession goes much deeper than results, he even knows the name and personalities of each players wife or girlfriend as if they were his own! One-parent Saturday-afternoon-at-the-zoo problem this is one of the typical problems of having separated parents shows a lack of family entertainment, doing same thing week in week out. Things had to change Nick is fed-up with this life of nights in hotels and eating in deserted restaurants. His father has been drinking too much and he wanted change. His father had previously tried to get him to go to football matches, and he was amazed when he agreed to go with him on the second time of asking. He previously had been made to go to the theatre. Hornby describes 1968 as the most traumatic year of my life. He had had to move into a smaller house and was homeless for a while. Hornby became seriously ill with jaundice, but had no idea that Arsenal fever was about to grip him. During Islington Boy the chapter of early 1972, Hornby encounters the feeling of rootlessness. Ever since I have been old enough to understand what it means to be suburban I have wanted to come from somewhere else, preferably north-London. Hornby decides that the best way is to adopt an accents where he drops as many aitches as he can, and live far away, where people might believe that my Thames Valley home town had its own tube station and a West Indian community and terrible, insoluble social problems. Reading played Arsenal in the 4th round cup-tie; it was one of Hornbys most painful of his exposures to come. Hornby describes the Reading as my nearest league team, an unhappy geographical accident that I would have done anything to change. Here Hornby meets a family of Reading supporters asking about Arsenal and making jokes about Charlie Georges hair. The father inquired where Hornby lived, but after replying Maidenhead the father pointed out that he should not be supporting Arsenal and should be supporting his local team, causing him to blush. Hornby describes this feeling as the most humiliating moment of my teenage years. A complete, elaborate and perfectly imagined world came crashing down around me and fell into chunks at my feet. Hornby was already gripped with Arsenal Fever and to be told that what Hornby felt, one of the best things that had happened to him in his troubled up bringing, was wrong must have been a terrible thing to have said to you in your adolescence. Graduation Day is the chapter that Hornby realises he is growing up and becoming a man. He is no longer allowed in schoolboys enclosure at 15 he must move to the North Bank. This was to be a major change to Hornbys relationship with Arsenal. It was almost as if Hornby had become a man the day he went to the North Bank. All the things that were supposed to change me first kiss, loss of virginity, first fight, first drink, first drugs- just seemed to happen: Hornby describes the fact that people not only come to watch football on the pitch but to feel the atmosphere and watch others watch the match and provide their own commentary. It also seems that class barriers are mixed once youre in the stadium, as if to say everyones a fan so everyone is equal. I found this quotation, which I think, agrees with a how the atmosphere in a full of stadium will sound like. Football is a game of 2 goalkeepers, 20 outfield players, 2 linesman and at least 30,000 referees! Hornby is continually telling us how the atmosphere in the ground seemed to affect the performance of the Arsenal team almost as much as who was plying for either side. This sense of belonging is to something more than football but more to a community fans all cheering and jeering at the players on the pitch. Another Major influence in Hornbys life is women. During the chapters Boys and Girls and Just Like A Woman we learn that Hornby is being educated by women and about women. These chapters are based around late 1970s and I find the first line of the chapter to be very funny as it truly shows how much football is apart of this mans life. I did something else that year, apart from watch football, talk and listen to music: I fell stomach-churningly for a smart, pretty and vivacious girl from the teacher-training college. This can be related back to the opening line in the first chapter, in that football wasnt the only thing that affected Hornbys life, women have and will always be a constant reminder of reality (the life away from football!). Hornby tells us that he has met women who love football, and go to watch it a number of games a season, but hes never met one so willing as to make a trip to Plymouth in midweek. He tells us that the difference between men and women in his that men had passions and not personalities and this is why Hornby relates the main reason that his girlfriend wanted and had gone to Highbury: there wasnt really much else of him! Hornby questions himself on how individual he is, responding with telling us of his solitary and intense devotion to Arsenal, which makes him, himself! Hornby, a temporary supporter of Cambridge United, was watching the game that would decide if they were to be promoted for a second year in row with his girlfriend, her girlfriend and her girlfriends boyfriend. During a match his girlfriend had fainted, meanwhile, Hornby did nothing apart from pray for an equaliser. Hornby complains how was I supposed to get excited at the oppression of females if they couldnt be trusted to stay upright during the final minutes of a desperately close promotion campaign? Yet again Hornby questions himself as an individual, complaining of his lack of sensitivity, even putting himself in situations such as becoming a father on the cup final day! Another major part of football is its advertisement on radio or television. In The Match Hornby describes how television broadcasting had completely changed the game, saying it seemed that the TV companies had more control over the times of the game than the club did. Hornby states that this liberty takes away what football is all about, turning up in rain or shine, being a football fan! Hornby hopes that everyone is going to watch football at home so it will show how the atmosphere is less without people who are regularly turning up, for the convenience to watch it from your favourite lounge chair! This can be related to belonging in that they would take away all the privileges of being there, removing the whole fan part of true devotion to football. Hornby in No Apology Necessary admits that football had meant too much to him, and had come to represent too many things. This sense of belonging to the crowd as part of the atmosphere, which affects the level of Arsenals performance has reached a climax, causing Hornby to ask himself how he spent so much money on seeing so many games for so many years. In conclusion Hornbys writing, in ways, just connects with us a bit more than other writers. He can make us feel his emotions as much as feeling our own. Devoted to football as much as we are with other things be it literature or poetry, this sense of belonging is almost second nature to us and Fever Pitch is an amazing example of how our human behaviour actually is. Human nature makes us need to belong to something, be it a club, a team or a society we all feel the need to be part of something. This book is although autobiographical a commentary on growing up and a diary of human behaviour.

Communication (Neo-Liberalism) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Any topic (writer's choice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 269

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ELearning in Qatar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Democratic and Republican Party History

Democratic and Republican Party History The Democratic Party came from the Anti-federalists before Americas independence from Britain rule. The party was organized by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, along with other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. The Republicans party is the younger of the two parties, founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists and modernizers. The party rose to prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president. Over the past years the two major political parties have been given colors, to which we can associate them with in the election. Republicans have been given the color red and Democrats the color blue. The Republican (red states) are strongest in the South and West, and weakest in the Northeast and the Pacific Coast. The strongest of the red states are Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, and in the western states of Wyoming, Utah, and Idaho. The Democrats (blue states) once were strongest in the Southeast but now they are strongest in the Northeast, Great Lakes and along the Pacific Coast. Dominating in California and Hawaii. The Democratic Party and Republican Party dominate America but differ greatly in their philosophies and ideas. Democrats have a philosophy that is Liberal. Founded on the idea of liberty and equality. Generally they support ideas such as free and fair elections, civil rights, freedom of religion, free trade, and a right to life, liberty, and property. Republicans believe in a social philosophy, which reflects American Conservatism in the U.S. Political Spectrum. Republicans support a pro-business platform, with the further foundations in economic libertarianism and a brand of social conservatism increasingly based on the viewpoints of the Religious Right. Both parties differ in their Economic ideas. Democrats favor minimum wage and progressive taxation Higher tax rates for higher income people. Republicans believe taxes shouldnt be increased for anyone and that wages should be set by the free market. Military is a big topic, Democrats want to decrease spending and Republicans want to increase spending on military. Stand on gay marriage is another big topic, with Democrats supporting and Republicans opposing. Its a never ending battle. Stands on the Death Penalty differ also. Democrats, while support for the death penalty is strong among Democrats, opponents of the death penalty are a substantial fraction of the Democratic base. A large majority of Republicans support the Death Penalty. Abortion has been a big topic for decades and they still differ in their beliefs. Democrats believe it should be legal, supporting Roe v. Wade. Republicans believe it should not be legal, opposing Roe v. Wade. This is where Pro-Life and Pro-Choice come from. Another belief the two parties disagree on is Social and Human Ideas. Democrats are based on a community and social responsibility and Republicans are based on individual rights and justice. Social democratic views improves public service by creating a government system that is able to discover citizens that suffer from unequal circumstances that make it more difficult to fulfill their ambitions. Once this is discovered, the government provides the service to help these individu als. Social conservatism is a political idea that focuses on traditional values. General principles: favor pro-life, opposes euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research, and abortion. Now not all Republicans and Democrats believe what their party believes. There are plenty of people that go both ways and other that are directly in the middle. That is why we have so many undecided or independent voters in our elections. Influences that third parties have on American politics are that they bring more light to the issues. Third party voters will mostly go with the party that is closet to independent values. Even though third parties dont win elections, a lot of people vote for them. Taking votes away from the other parties, which has an Impact in the election. John McCain would have won in 2008 if it wasnt for third parties. Many laws were first introduced and then raised by third parties. One example would be prohibition, the legal act of prohibiting the manufacturing of alcohol. I identify with the Republican Party, Im conservative. First off I do not believe in distribution of wealth. I dont see how you can take money away from people that work hard and give it to the people that wont work, sit around all day, or use drugs. Living off the Government shouldnt be a choice for a career in our Nation. Even if the Government taxed the rich they wouldnt even come close to touching our national debt. Small businesses and the wealthy actually help the economy a lot, by purchasing goods from local businesses or running a business and giving jobs to the American People. I believe the Democrats want to tax the rich more and give back to the poor so they look good and get the votes, just my two cents. Increase spending on Military, why wouldnt you? We have the strongest military in the world and the Democrats want to decrease spending? It shows weakness, we have to be strong. Now I dont mean we need to be in every country in the world and be protecting all our allies. We need to keep our military strong because we never know when someone will try to attack us. This has been proven in 2001 with 9/11 and also the attack in Benghazi on 9/11/12. If we let the world know we are decreasing spending on our military they might not think twice about attacking. My stand on abortion, first I will let you know I am very religious. So my opinions will come from religious beliefs and also how I feel about abortion. I support abortion in the case of rape or if it is harmful to the women. If a 12 year old is raped then she should be allowed to have an abortion because she is too young and birth could potentially result in death. In the case of just rape the women should go to the hospital and get a rap kit from a doctor. If you do choose to wait months before an abortion then I do not support it in that case. I oppose gay marriage; I dont think it should be legal for the same sex to marry. I dont see any positives that could come from it. It wouldnt help our economy; it wouldnt help our states or government. I feel the Democrats are for it just to get votes; even President Obama came out in an interview and said he supports gay marriage. Thats one of the main reasons I feel its getting harder for Republicans to get a person in the white house cause the Democrats support almost everything the Republicans dont, abortion, gay marriage, Immigration, Etc. Since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, the Democratic Party has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party in economic as well as social matters. The two parties, in my mind, will never come to a compromise. They are too far apart in their belief, thats why we continue to refer to them as left and right. The third parties will always be around, though they may never win. They will continue to propose new laws and take away votes from the two major parties. I identify with the Republican Party because I feel they are right, their beliefs align with mine.

The Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Plannin

The Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Planning INTRODUCTION Human population growth, overpopulation, and earth’s biological carrying capacity have been concerns of scientists for many years. In 1679 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek estimated that the maximum number of people Earth can support is 13.4 billion and estimates have continued to vary drastically since then (Cohen, 1995). There are many ecological indicators, including desertification and water problems, which point to the likelihood that we are approaching our limit. There are many sub issues within this overall problem that must be addressed in order to work towards solving this problem, including sustainable living, water shortages, etc. However, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the idea of population control as one possible starting point for a solution. CARRYING CAPACITY It is important to remember that carrying capacity can change with new technology, different use of resources and better resource management. Carrying capacity can also change in the opposite direction due to a catastrophic event or overexploitation of resources. As was mentioned previously, there have been many estimates made on Earth’s carrying capacity since 1679. Estimates have varied greatly, ranging from 1000 billion. Currently the UN’s projection is that Earth can support around 9 billion people (www.prb.org). It is expected that the human population will reach that size by 2050. The current world population is around 6.3 billion. So, many believe that this is becoming, and has been, an imminent problem. According to Cohen, there have been six different methods that have been used to estimate Earth’s human carrying capacity.... ...eved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau www.prb.org. Haub, C. & Herstad, B., (July, 2002). Sterilization World’s #1 Contraceptive Method. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau www.prb.org. Meulenberg, C., (Sept./Oct. 2004). {Definitely}Probably One: A Generation Comes of Age Under China’s One-Child Policy. World Watch, 17, 31. Roudi-Fahimi, F., & Moghadam, V.M., (November, 2003). Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau. www.prb.org. UNFPA, (2004). State of the World Population: The Cairo Consensus at Ten: Population, Reproductive Health and the Global Effort to End Poverty. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: www.unfpa.org. Zi, L., (2004, July 8). Population Planning Paradox. Beijing Review, 47, 22. The Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Plannin The Problem of Population Growth and the Solution of Population Planning INTRODUCTION Human population growth, overpopulation, and earth’s biological carrying capacity have been concerns of scientists for many years. In 1679 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek estimated that the maximum number of people Earth can support is 13.4 billion and estimates have continued to vary drastically since then (Cohen, 1995). There are many ecological indicators, including desertification and water problems, which point to the likelihood that we are approaching our limit. There are many sub issues within this overall problem that must be addressed in order to work towards solving this problem, including sustainable living, water shortages, etc. However, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the idea of population control as one possible starting point for a solution. CARRYING CAPACITY It is important to remember that carrying capacity can change with new technology, different use of resources and better resource management. Carrying capacity can also change in the opposite direction due to a catastrophic event or overexploitation of resources. As was mentioned previously, there have been many estimates made on Earth’s carrying capacity since 1679. Estimates have varied greatly, ranging from 1000 billion. Currently the UN’s projection is that Earth can support around 9 billion people (www.prb.org). It is expected that the human population will reach that size by 2050. The current world population is around 6.3 billion. So, many believe that this is becoming, and has been, an imminent problem. According to Cohen, there have been six different methods that have been used to estimate Earth’s human carrying capacity.... ...eved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau www.prb.org. Haub, C. & Herstad, B., (July, 2002). Sterilization World’s #1 Contraceptive Method. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau www.prb.org. Meulenberg, C., (Sept./Oct. 2004). {Definitely}Probably One: A Generation Comes of Age Under China’s One-Child Policy. World Watch, 17, 31. Roudi-Fahimi, F., & Moghadam, V.M., (November, 2003). Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: Population Reference Bureau. www.prb.org. UNFPA, (2004). State of the World Population: The Cairo Consensus at Ten: Population, Reproductive Health and the Global Effort to End Poverty. Retrieved October 31, 2004 from: www.unfpa.org. Zi, L., (2004, July 8). Population Planning Paradox. Beijing Review, 47, 22.

Television: the Downfall of American Society

Sean Conway Professor Stevens WRT 102 Essay #2 Television: The Downfall of American Society Televisions have only been around since their debut in the middle of the 20th century and have since become a huge part of everyday life here in America. Originally having good intentions, the television and watching of television in the last couple of decades has changed greatly. The amount of time people spend watching their televisions has also changed in the sense that people spend much more time in front of the television than they used to.Some argue that television has had a huge negative effect on American families. In her essay, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug,† Marie Winn explores the ways in which television has lowered the quality of family life, rituals, and values. She recognizes that there is a problem with our society and the way in which it is consistently influenced by television. She shows this when she says, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life ha s been an equivocal one,† (Winn 353).Winn is true in saying this because television has caused children across America to have undeveloped intelligence, creativity, and imagination. TV is also detrimental to family life, family relationships, and outside relationships as well. When the television made its first debut in the early to mid 20th century it came with good intentions. This idea of good intention however did not last long with the critics. As early as 1961 the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission referred to television as a â€Å"Vast Wasteland,† (351).Many other critics would come to share in his beliefs about television. There have been numerous books, articles, essays, and research done on the subject of television and its negative effects on children in particular. Marie Winn’s article is just one of many. The amount of time America’s youth spends watching television can be correlated to a decrease in the quality of the lives of children across this nation. As a result of watching too much television, children lack the proper development of intelligence, creativity, and imagination. Parents re so used to the idea of television that they do not think to link it to their family’s problems or issues. Winn mentions a few examples of this issue in her text, one of which being a family of two boys, ages three and seven. The boy’s entire evening after school revolves around their television shows. This same situation appears countless times in households across America. The reason that this is so bad is because when young children are spending all of their free time watching television they do not develop certain characteristics that they should be developing at this age.The children who spend more time in front of the television do not gain the experience that comes from playing sports, being part of a team/club, or getting to have a large group of friends to play and explore new things with. This i s why they do not develop certain characteristics which are all important traits to develop, especially at this young age. I know that when I was young, and still to this day, I always loved being outside and playing sports or other activities.I am so thankful for this because I now realize that by spending less time in front of the television I was able to learn so many more useful traits for life. Another aspect of life that television has a negative effect on in this country is family rituals. Family rituals are defined as â€Å"The part of family life that the families like about itself, is proud of, and wants formally to continue,† (354). Family rituals are extremely important because they are unique for the family and in most cases are what keeps a family together and close throughout years and generations.Somehow television has affected these rituals in many households. Winn uses an example of a young woman from Chicago in her article to show this effect. The young wom an tells how she comes from a large family that loved getting together over holidays and had many lasting rituals that never failed to appear. Except one year when her family got a television set in their house. This particular year, instead of the usual conversations and game playing the whole family crammed in front of the television to watch a football game.This is a perfect example of family rituals going down the drain due to television. Instead of interacting and having face-to-face conversations, everyone just stared at e screen without conversing at all. This validates Winn’s argument of television having a negative effect across the nation. Television also has a huge effect on not only family relationships but others outside relationships as well. Watching television causes people to get a false sense of reality and when presented with a real world situation do not know what to do or how to act.Winn states that, â€Å"The hours children spend in a one way relationsh ip with television people, an involvement that allows with no communication or interaction, must have some effect with their relationship with real-life people,† (Winn 355). Winn is correct in saying this and in fact she proves it when she supports it with examples. She writes about a teacher who says she has trouble interacting with people after watching television for a few hours. The teacher says that because there was no necessary effort while watching, it was hard to deal with real people who require effort to talk to.Also, â€Å"Studies have been done to show the importance of eye- to-eye contact in real-life relationships,† (355) says Winn, something not required while watching television. This is more evidence to further validate Winn’s argument against television. I was lucky enough to be very involved in sports and other activities to steer me away from television. I noticed from an early age that the children in school who were not athletic and had pro blems interacting with the other children were also the ones who spent many hours a day watching television or playing games on the television.Thankfully my group of friends were always active and outdoors. Swimming also took up a lot of my time. I still swim today at the collegiate level and I still do not have time for much television. People need to learn that although television is entertaining, there is almost always something better they could be doing. Most of the people living in this nation today were born into television and watching television has been irreplaceably drilled into the minds of Americans and some people would not know how to live a life without it.The reality of television is that it has severely negative effects on people, especially America’s youth who tend to spend way too much time sitting in front of television sets. Marie Winn was able to see the significance in this and writes about it in her article, â€Å"Television: The Plug-In-Drug. † The title speaks for itself; she believes that television has a huge negative effect on quality of life including family life, real-world relationships, character development and many other things as well.She proves her believes true throughout her work and shows the reader just how important it is to limit television viewing, especially for children who are watching more and more television each year. Without these limitations and more face-to-face interactions, this nation’s future may not be a bright one.Work Cited Winn, Marie. â€Å"Television: The Plug in Drug. † Patterns for College Writing: A Rhetorical Reader and Guide. 10th edition. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. New York: Bedford, 2007.

Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Essays

Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Essays Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Paper Physics Lab Report What Keeps a Stopper Moving in a Circle Paper Practice whirling the stopper in a horizontal plane until you can keep the paper clip a short distance just below the bottom of the tube. If the paper clip touches the bottom of the tube, then the clamp is no longer supplying the centripetal force. If the paper clips rises or falls appreciably as the stopper whirls then the radius of the circle is changing. B. Constant Radius and Variable Speed 3. With the paper clip against the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, for all three data runs in 4. Whirl the stopper while maintaining a constant force reading on the scale. Once you obtain a constant force, start the stop watch and continue the whirling while monitoring the force. Stop the stopwatch after 30 rev. 5. Record your force and time in data table 1, data run 1. 6. Increase the rate of whirling while maintaining the clip just below the bottom of the tube, and observe what happens to the tension measured by the spring scale. It should increase. Repeat step 4 t this higher spring force. 7. Record your force and time in data table 1, data run 1. 8. Repeat step 6 and record the data in table 1, data run 2. C. Contact force and Variable Radius 9. Change the position of the paper clip to decrease the radius uniform circular motion for the stopper. Try to get as small a radius as you can and still be able to maintain a constant force. 10. Whirl the stopper while maintaining a constant force on the scale. Start the stop watch and continue the whirling while monitoring the force. Stop the stopwatch after 30 rev. 11. Record your force and time in data table 2, data run 1. With the paper clip against the bottom of the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 1. 12. Change the position of the paper clip to increase the radius uniform circular motion for the stopper. Repeat step 10 at the same spring force as data run 1 . 13. Record your force and time in data table 2, data run 1. With the paper clip against the bottom of the tube and the string pulled taut, measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 2. 14. Repeat step 12 measure the length of the string from the top of the tube to the stopper. Record this as the radius, r, in table 2, data run 2. Number of Revs 30 Table 1 Time ass IIS as Radius 0. 3 m 0. Mm Table 2 8. 94 s ass 0. 1 m 0. 2 m 3. 4. 1 . What does your data show about the relationship between centripetal force and change in speed at a constant radius of circular motion? 1 . As the speed increases the centripetal force also increases. 2. What do your data show about the relationship between radius of circular motion and change in speed at a constant centripetal force? 2. As the radius increases so does the speed of the stopper. 3. Analysis the resulting plot. Is there a pattern? If so what does the pattern mean? 4. Formulate an equation for the relationship between the spring force and the centripetal acceleration of the stopper. What does this equation tell you about the spring force? This shows that the spring force is in direct relation to the centripetal force. 5. Justify the method of recording time for 30 rev to minimize the error associated with calculating the speed of the stopper. In other labs you have used multiple data runs and averaged the data to minimize the random error associated with measuring. Why did you not have to do that on 5. To get the most accurate time we had the person timing also count the revolutions of the stopper. And we didnt have to do multiple data runs because the time is the least important In this lab we found that the variables of circular motion are directly related. We accomplished our goal which was to relate the variables involved in uniform circular motion. I also proved my hypothesis incorrect, my hypothesis was that the velocity of the stopper will increase as the radius is shortened, which in fact as the radius was shortened the velocity decreased. In this lab there were several sources of error, the stopper was spinning so fast we may have miss counted how many revolutions it had, and the force was not constant the entire time.

Gene Technology Essays

Gene Technology Essays Gene Technology Essay Gene Technology Essay 010 Chapter 10 Gene Technology Student: _________________________________________________________ 1. Trimming certain genes out of molecules of DNA requires the use of special: A. digestive enzymes B. restriction enzymes C. enzymes from peroxisomes D. microscopic scalpels 2. To seal the cut fragments of DNA together, an enzyme called __________ is used. A. amylase B. peptidase C. trypsin D. ligase 3. Choose the correct sequence for gene transfer procedures. A. cleaving DNA, recombining DNA, cloning, screening B. screening, cleaving DNA, cloning, recombining DNA C. recombining DNA, screening, cloning, cleaving DNA D. cleaving DNA, cloning, screening, recombining DNA 4. The step that is most labor-intensive in gene transfer procedures is: A. cleaving DNA B. recombining DNA C. screening D. cloning 5. Some bacteria, through natural selection, have acquired some extremely potent enzymes that destroy viral DNA, thereby preventing the bacterial cell from becoming infected with the virus. These enzymes are called: A. DNA polymerases B. DNA ligases C. restriction endonucleases D. restriction ligases 6. When researchers wish to make multiple copies of a gene without first inserting it into a bacterium, they employ the: A. centrifuge B. pepsin activation reaction C. polymerase chain reaction D. gel electrophoresis 7. If a fragment of eukaryotic RNA is needed that is made up only of exons, the place to look in the cell to find this is: A. attached to the inner cell membrane B. inside the nucleolus C. inside the nucleus D. in the cytoplasm 8. Primers are: A. short sequences of nucleotides on either side of the gene to be amplified B. sticky ends of DNA fragments C. beginning nucleotide sequences in plasmids D. types of undercoating for paint 9. The enzyme used to carry out the polymerase chain reaction on DNA is: : A. transcriptase B. reverse transcriptase C. RNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase 10. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is also used to: A. clone entire organisms B. make polyploid copies of the human genome C. make DNA fingerprints in criminal investigations D. clone bacterial colonies 11. The enzyme used to make a DNA copy complementary to processed mRNA is: A. transcriptase B. reverse transcriptase C. RNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase 12. DNA fingerprinting is a highly accurate method of identifying a criminal from evidence, (blood, hair, skin, semen) left at a crime scene. True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False 3. Inserting a gene encoding a pathogenic microbes surface protein into a harmless virus is the way a(n) _________________ is produced. A. piggyback vaccine B. clone of antibodies C. virulent virus D. active disease-causing pathogen 14. A friend asks you a question after your biology class. Whats genetic engineering? Your answer is: A. Genetic engineering is the ability of scientists to remove a nucleus from a cell and place it into another cell. B. Genetic engineering is taking proteins from one organism and placing them into another organism of a different species. C. Genetic engineering is moving genes from one organism to another. D. Genetic engineering is removing structural components, for example a lysosome, from one part of a cell and placing those structures elsewhere in that cell. 15. Genetic engineering in agriculture has been employed to: A. make crops resistant to insect pests B. make crops resistant to certain herbicides C. make crops more nutritious D. All of these are correct. 16. Crop plants are made resistant to insect pests by: A. causing them to grow taller B. inserting a gene from bacteria that secrete Bt C. coating them with a gel D. All of these are correct. 17. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup, is a good choice for engineering plants resistant to it because: A. it is a powerful herbicide B. it is readily biodegradable C. humans are not affected by it D. All of these are correct. 18. Golden rice is so-named because it contains: A. vitamin C B. vitamin A and iron C. nitrogen D. golden bacteria 19. The introduction of bovine growth hormone into the diets of dairy cows is important because it: A. doubles the number of calves they produce annually B. makes them immune to infection by plasmids C. greatly improves their milk production D. improves the taste of their milk 0. A number of human genes have been inserted into bacteria to produce many useful human proteins EXCEPT: A. insulin B. factor VIII C. anticoagulants D. human hemoglobin 21. Moving genes from one organism to another is often referred to as ________________________. ________________________________________ 22. Scientists employ a method called ____________ _______ to visual fragments of genes they are attempting to isolate. ________________________________________ 23. EcoRI is an example of a ______________________. ________________________________________ 24. PCR is an abbreviation for _________________________. _______________________________________ 25. When RNA polymerase makes an unprocessed mRNA copy of DNA, the copy is called the ___________________. ________________________________________ 26. When the introns are removed to make mRNA that can be used in protein synthesis, the mRNA is now called __________________. ________________________________________ 27. A _______ is a tiny circle of bacterial DNA that is capable of replicating outside of the main bacterial chromosome. ________________________________________ 28. When genes are inserted into lung cells of cystic fibrosis patients, this kind of treatment is referred to as _______________. _______________________________________ 29. Combining the DNA of two different organi sms is called ______________ cloning. ________________________________________ 30. Plasmids or viruses can serve as _______________ to carry foreign DNA into the host cell. ________________________________________ 31. When the method is perfected, it will be possible to transfer healthy genes into cystic fibrosis patients via aerosol inhalants to cure this genetic disease. Is this type of gene transfer an actual cure or is it a treatment? In other words, could this person still pass along cystic fibrosis genes? 32. What is the advantage of using restriction enzymes to cleave DNA? 33. In gene transfer procedures, why is it necessary to use processed mRNA molecules to make DNA to transfer to another organism? 34. What are some of the benefits of transferring genes from one organism to another? 35. Do you feel there is any harm in cloning mammals? Why? Why not? 010 Chapter 10 Gene Technology KEY 1. Trimming certain genes out of molecules of DNA requires the use of special: a. digestive enzymes B  Ã‚  restriction enzymes c. enzymes from peroxisomes d. microscopic scalpels 2. To seal the cut fragments of DNA together, an enzyme called __________ is used. . amylase b. peptidase c. trypsin D  Ã‚  ligase 3. Choose the correct sequence for gene transfer procedures. A  Ã‚  cleaving DNA, recombining DNA, cloning, screening b. screening, cleaving DNA, cloning, recombining DNA c. recombining DNA, screening, cloning, cleaving DNA d. cleaving DNA, cloning, screening, recombining DNA 4. The step that is most labor-intensive in gene transfer procedures is: a. cleaving DNA b. recombining DNA C  Ã‚  screening d. cloning 5. Some bacteria, through natural selection, have acquired some extremely potent enzymes that destroy viral DNA, thereby preventing the bacterial cell from becoming infected with the virus. These enzymes are called: a. DNA polymerases b. DNA ligases C  Ã‚  restriction endonucleases d. restriction ligases 6. When researchers wish to make multiple copies of a gene without first inserting it into a bacterium, they employ the: a. centrifuge b. pepsin activation reaction C  Ã‚  polymerase chain reaction d. gel electrophoresis 7. If a fragment of eukaryotic RNA is needed that is made up only of exons, the place to look in the cell to find this is: a. attached to the inner cell membrane b. inside the nucleolus c. inside the nucleus D  Ã‚  in the cytoplasm 8. Primers are: A  Ã‚  short sequences of nucleotides on either side of the gene to be amplified . sticky ends of DNA fragments c. beginning nucleotide sequences in plasmids d. types of undercoating for paint 9. The enzyme used to carry out the polymerase chain reaction on DNA is: a. transcriptase b. reverse transcriptase c. RNA polymerase D  Ã‚  DNA polymerase 10. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is also used to : a. clone entire organisms b. make polyploid copies of the human genome C  Ã‚  make DNA fingerprints in criminal investigations d. clone bacterial colonies 11. The enzyme used to make a DNA copy complementary to processed mRNA is: a. transcriptase B  Ã‚  reverse transcriptase c. RNA polymerase d. DNA polymerase 12. DNA fingerprinting is a highly accurate method of identifying a criminal from evidence, (blood, hair, skin, semen) left at a crime scene. TRUE 13. Inserting a gene encoding a pathogenic microbes surface protein into a harmless virus is the way a(n) _________________ is produced. A  Ã‚  piggyback vaccine b. clone of antibodies c. virulent virus d. active disease-causing pathogen 14. A friend asks you a question after your biology class. Whats genetic engineering? Your answer is: a. Genetic engineering is the ability of scientists to remove a nucleus from a cell and place it into another cell. b. Genetic engineering is taking proteins from one organism and placing them into another organism of a different species. C  Ã‚  Genetic engineering is moving genes from one organism to another. d. Genetic engineering is removing structural components, for example a lysosome, from one part of a cell and placing those structures elsewhere in that cell. 15. Genetic engi neering in agriculture has been employed to: a. make crops resistant to insect pests b. make crops resistant to certain herbicides c. make crops more nutritious D  Ã‚  All of these are correct. 16. Crop plants are made resistant to insect pests by: a. causing them to grow taller B  Ã‚  inserting a gene from bacteria that secrete Bt c. coating them with a gel d. All of these are correct. 17. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup, is a good choice for engineering plants resistant to it because: a. it is a powerful herbicide b. it is readily biodegradable c. humans are not affected by it D  Ã‚  All of these are correct. 18. Golden rice is so-named because it contains: a. vitamin C B  Ã‚  vitamin A and iron c. nitrogen d. golden bacteria 19. The introduction of bovine growth hormone into the diets of dairy cows is important because it: a. doubles the number of calves they produce annually . makes them immune to infection by plasmids C  Ã‚  greatly improves their milk production d. improves the taste of their milk 20. A number of human genes have been inserted into bacteria to produce many useful human proteins EXCEPT: a. insulin b. factor VIII c. anticoagulants D  Ã‚  human hemoglobin 21. Moving genes from one organism to another i s often referred to as ________________________. genetic engineering 22. Scientists employ a method called ___________________ to visual fragments of genes they are attempting to isolate. gel electrophoresis 23. EcoRI is an example of a ______________________. restriction enzyme 24. PCR is an abbreviation for _________________________. polymerase chain reaction 25. When RNA polymerase makes an unprocessed mRNA copy of DNA, the copy is called the ___________________. primary transcript 26. When the introns are removed to make mRNA that can be used in protein synthesis, the mRNA is now called __________________. processed mRNA 27. A _______ is a tiny circle of bacterial DNA that is capable of replicating outside of the main bacterial chromosome. plasmid 28. When genes are inserted into lung cells of cystic fibrosis patients, this kind of treatment is referred to as _______________. gene therapy 29. Combining the DNA of two different organisms is called ______________ cloning. transgenic 30. Plasmids or viruses can serve as _______________ to carry foreign DNA into the host cell. vectors 31. When the method is perfected, it will be possible to transfer healthy genes into cystic fibrosis patients via aerosol inhalants to cure this genetic disease. Is this type of gene transfer an actual cure or is it a treatment? In other words, could this person still pass along cystic fibrosis genes? Unless it is possible to correct the genetic defect in the persons gametes, they will still be able to pass on the genes for cystic fibrosis. However, the inhalant treatment is an important milestone in the treatment of this disease, especially if it can put a halt to the lung damage so characteristic of the cystic fibrosis patient. The life expectancy for these patients is short otherwise. 32. What is the advantage of using restriction enzymes to cleave DNA? Hundreds of different restriction enzymes are known. Once the scientist knows the nucleotide sequence on either side of the gene to be excised, the appropriate restriction enzyme can be used to cut the DNA at that particular spot. The advantage is that restriction enzymes cut the DNA so it has sticky ends that can match up with complementary sequences elsewhere. 33. In gene transfer procedures, why is it necessary to use processed mRNA molecules to make DNA to transfer to another organism? This procedure is necessary only when the gene to be transferred comes from a eukaryote. Eukaryotic DNA contains introns as well as exons, and bacteria have no way of removing introns because their DNA has none. So introns must be removed, and processed mRNA molecules have already had that done. 34. What are some of the benefits of transferring genes from one organism to another? First of all, we can get bacteria to mass-produce human proteins, such as the hormone insulin, that can be used to treat human diseases. Since the protein makes use of a human gene, it matches precisely that which would normally be produced in the human body. Second, many beneficial agricultural advances will surely come from gene transfers. For example, pest resistance in plants will lessen the need for pesticides that are costly and pollute the environment. 35. Do you feel there is any harm in cloning mammals? Why? Why not? Answers will vary.

LOVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

LOVE - Essay Example s him, and for that short duration, she feels that the world is on the tip of her fingers because of the happiness that is caused to her when he looks at her. A married couple in love with each other do small things for another everyday to make the other feel special and give them a feeling of something to live for. Love cannot be seen or touched but it exists for those that believe in its power; when someone loves another person, they tend to want to protect them and spend the maximum amount of time that they can with them, making every second count. Love thus makes people happy and makes them want to wake up every single day with a view to meeting that special person that they have a connection with. This can be understood by a simple test of bidding goodbye; people love those the most to whom saying goodbye is very tough. People in love tend to become extremely unhappy on saying goodbye to their loved ones; the tears in their eyes are the exact opposite of the happiness that they feel when they are with them. There have been a number of films, music as well as literature portraying love as a feeling that brings about the most amount of happiness in the world - â€Å"If we assume that mankind has a right to survive then we must find an alternative to war and destruction. "Dont ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate them. We must use the weapon of love. We must have the compassion and understanding for those who hate us. We must realize so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totally responsible for their hate. But we stand in life at midnight; we are always on the threshold of a new dawn."† (King, Martin Luther) According to Martin Luther King, love brings compassion and happiness that can be used as a weapon against those that hate and enjoy causing destruction. The same theories were also propounded and experimented by Mahatma Gandhi who said that non violence or love is the answer to the world’s problems. The point of love is to make

The father and son motif in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel Essay

The father and son motif in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel - Essay Example Ironically, the way in which this motif permeates the poem gives rise to nearly all of the stages of the story. This essay will argue that the father-son motif in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel demonstrates the implicit vulnerability of all patriarchal relationships; more particularly, this essay will explain how Dryden employs the father-son motif in order to highlight the danger of a patriarch loving uncritically, the danger of a patriarch offering mercy and restraint to enemies, and the painful burdens that patriarchal figures must endure if they are to survive in such a role. The poem begins almost as an apology; it is apologetic because patriarchs and fathers are forgiven in advance for the miseries to be encountered in the current age. This reference to simpler times is introduced in the first few lines, when Dryden offers that, "In pious times, ere priestcraft did begin, Before polygamy was made a sin; When man on many multiplied his kind, Ere one to one was cursedly confined; When nature prompted, and no law denied, Promiscuous use of concubine and bride;" (1-6). The implication is that there was a time when fatherhood implied no predominant obligation; indeed, this reference to pious times views the father-son relationship without the imposition of certain conditions or risks. Having a generalized duty to many people, being promiscuous and without the curse of being confined, the father may pursue his life freely. The patriarch, in short, may interact with others when nature prompts, he may choose and discard his relationships arbitrarily, and he wi ll not be judged a legitimate or illegitimate father by others. The pious times, in effect, were without negative consequences. These pious times, on the other hand, are at an end. The father-son motif, particularly with the birth of Absalom, demonstrates the most immediate vulnerability of patriarchy. Patriarchal consequences arise and vest most forebodingly with the birth of Absalom. The indifference notable in pious times is notably absent; quite the contrary, King David, was borne a son described as "So beautiful, so brave,Whether inspired by some diviner lust, His father got him with a greater gust; Or that his conscious destiny made way, By manly beauty, to imperial sway" (18-22). The "imperial sway" language is particularly significant; it is significant because King David is creating a special place in his heart and in his monarchy for Absalom. There is no longer any indifference; more interesting, the son has been elevated to a position higher than that enjoyed by either King David's other children or by King David's subjects. It is easy to ascribe the villainy to come to Achitophel, and yet the first sign of a faction is created by the father himself. To be more precise, rather than maintaining a strictly patriarchal relation to all men, King David instead elevated the s on whom would later become his enemy and the cause of much sadness. Thus, if Achitophel might be blamed for taking advantage of this father-son relationship, then King David must accept responsibility for having given so much favor to Absalom in the